#Water concrete flume portable

Other flumes omit the diverging section (Montana, USGS Portable Parshall, and HS / H / HL flumes). In the case of the Cutthroat flume, the converging section directly joins the diverging section, resulting in a throat section of no length (hence the term 'Cutthroat'). Not all sections, however, need to be present. įlow measurement flumes typically consist of a converging section, a throat section, and a diverging section. Acceleration is accomplished through a convergence of the sidewalls, a change in floor elevation, or a combination of the two. When used to measure the flow of water in open channels, a flume is defined as a specially shaped, fixed hydraulic structure that under free-flow conditions forces flow to accelerate in such a manner that the flow rate through the flume can be characterized by a level-to-flow relationship as applied to a single head (level) measurement within the flume. Some varieties of flumes are used in measuring water flow of a larger channel. Log flumes use the flow of water to carry cut logs and timber downhill, sometimes many miles, to either a sawmill or location for further transport. It is used in America for a very narrow gorge running between precipitous rocks, with a stream at the bottom, but more frequently is applied to an artificial channel of wood or other material for the diversion of a stream of water from a river for purposes of irrigation, for running a sawmill, or for various processes in the hydraulic method of gold-mining. It was formerly used for a stream, and particularly for the tail of a mill race. The term flume comes from the Old French word flum, from the Latin flumen, meaning a river. They were also extensively used in hydraulic mining and working placer deposits for gold, tin and other heavy minerals. Originating as a part of a mill race, they were later used in the transportation of logs in the logging industry, known as a log flume. Many flumes took the form of wooden troughs elevated on trestles, often following the natural contours of the land. Flumes are usually made up of wood, metal or concrete. Flumes route water from a diversion dam or weir to a desired materiel collection location. Flumes are not to be confused with aqueducts, which are built to transport water, rather than transporting materials using flowing water as a flume does. Calibration for this class of flume has been done empirically using other more accurate flow measurement devices to create each flumes discharge table.A flume is a human-made channel for water, in the form of an open declined gravity chute whose walls are raised above the surrounding terrain, in contrast to a trench or ditch. Unlike their long-throated counterparts, each style and size of short throated flume has their own set point of measurement Ha. Due to their curvilinear nature, each style and size of flume has its own highly specific relationship between rate of flow and Ha. They control the flow rate in a curvilinear manner rather than laminar-ly. Short-throated Flumes – A bit of a misnomer, short-throated flumes may actually be quite large in specified length. By creating a laminar flow, the discharge rate of long throated flumes can be calculated using fluid mechanics concepts and Ha can be measured anywhere above the throat section of the flume. Long-throated Flumes – Control the rate of flow with a throat long enough to create a laminar flow while still contained within the throat section. The key difference lies in the type of throat, thus breaking flumes into two classes: Depending on the style of flume, each of these sections will have a different shape and proportion.

Water concrete flume